Vehicle Tracking System

VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

Vehicle Tracking system using GPS module and GSM modem,  and ARM7 (LPC2129).

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

This project mainly works on GPS and GSM systems. Vechiel is traced by using information from satellite systems and send to GSM systems.

     

Vehicle and user are connected initially by using GSM network. User will send message to Moving vehicle for connectivity, hardware mounted on vehicle reacts to message and send conformation message to user and then if the message is valid one then GPS modem is initiated and requested for location.

The latitude and longitude values are compared with the values stored in the memory and corresponding location name is given to the Controller which in turn uses GSM/GPRS to send the location name by means of Short Message Service back to USER.

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Operation:

The heart of this project is a micro controller ARM7 (LPC2129).

GSM:

Messages sent by the user is received by the GSM  module.

1. Password option is provided for secure authentication.
2. Micro controller will play important role in sending and receiving commands to GPS.
3. Micro Controller extracts the location name and send the same to the GSM via serial communication. Micro controller will find location and send details to GSM Mobile using serial communication system.

GPS:

The Signal from the GPS satellites are received and the receiver used a standard form of message decoding. These standards are called as NMEA

1. The receiver has a Serial Communication facility which is used to interface with the external devices like PC or Micro controller. The PC or Micro controller (with LCD) is connected as per the pin details

2. The Antenna of the GPS receiver is fixed at Line of site to the satellite and once the Receiver receives the signals, the Receiver transfers data to the micro controller’s serial communication Pins which in turn is displayed to the LCD. The data displayed on the LCD is the Latitude and Longitude of the particular location where u keep the antenna of the receiver. In this way a Particular Location is identified.

3. The Antenna receives the data, transfers to the micro controller through Serial Port. Micro controller displays on the LCD. The same data can be transferred to the GSM through serial communication.

Embedded system requirements:

Hardware Requirements:

Development board:            MCB2100 (Keil corporation)

Micro controller:                 LPC2129 (Philips) with arm7tdmi-s core

Gsm Modem:                       Standard wavecom GSM modem.

Ext Memory :                       Atmel 24c04, 4k EEPROM

   Sim Card:                               Standard 16k Gsm sim

Software requirements :

Platform:                            WINDOWS-2XXX series

Ide :                                    KEIL MICRO-VISION-3

Tool chains:                       STANDARD- ARM COMPILER/DEBUGGER

Programming language:      EMBEDDED –C

Protocols :                           UART, I2C, NMEA

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Brief Explanation:

Lpc2129: general description:

The LPC2119/2129/2194/2292/2294 are based on a 16/32-bit 8051-STM CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together with 128/256 kilobytes (kB) of embedded high-speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide internal memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb Mode reduces code by more than 30% with minimal performance penalty. With their compact 64 and 144 pin packages, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, combination of 4 channel 10-bit ADC and 2/4 advanced CAN channels or 8-channel 10-bit ADC and 2/4 advanced CAN channels (64 and 144 pin packages respectively), and up to 9 external interrupt pins these micro controllers are particularly suitable for industrial control, medical systems, access control and point-of-sale.

Number of available GPIOs goes up to 46 in 64 pin package. In 144 pin packages number of available GPIOs tops 76 (with external memory in use) through 112 (single-chip application). Being equipped wide range of serial communications interfaces, they are also very well suited for communication gateways, protocol converters and embedded soft modems as well as many other general-purpose applications.

  

Architecture of the GSM network:

A GSM network is composed of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces are specified. Figure 1 shows the layout of a generic GSM network. The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. The Mobile Station is carried by the subscriber. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network users. The MSC also handles the mobility management operations. Not shown is the Operations and Maintenance Center, which oversees the proper operation and setup of the network. The Mobile Station and the Base Station Subsystem communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or radio link. The Base Station Subsystem communicates with the Mobile services Switching Center across the A interface.   

  

Mobile Station:

The mobile station (MS) consists of the mobile equipment (the terminal) and a smart card called the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The SIM provides personal mobility, so that the user can have access to subscribed services irrespective of a specific terminal. By inserting the SIM card into another GSM terminal, the user is able to receive calls at that terminal, make calls from that terminal, and receive other subscribed services.

The mobile equipment is uniquely identified by the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The SIM card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) used to identify the subscriber to the system, a secret key for authentication, and other information. The IMEI and the IMSI are independent, thereby allowing personal mobility. The SIM card may be protected against unauthorized use by a password or personal identity number.

Base Station Subsystem

The Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts, the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). These communicate across the standardized Abis interface, allowing (as in the rest of the system) operation between components made by different suppliers.

The Base Transceiver Station houses the radio tranceivers that define a cell and handles the radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station. In a large urban area, there will potentially be a large number of BTSs deployed, thus the requirements for a BTS are ruggedness, reliability, portability, and minimum cost.

The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. It handles radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, as described below. The BSC is the connection between the mobile station and the Mobile service Switching Center (MSC). 

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